The frequency range is limited to the plane wave region in the connecting pipes. It is based on linear acoustic theory and all elements, e.g., a complex muffler, are reduced to two-ports while terminations and sources are represented as one-ports. A number of standard elements representing common duct and pipe elements as well as basic muffler types are available as building blocks, which can be connected to form a network. All standard element models are validated and are based on the best and most recent models published in the literature.